Chapter #37: IDENTIFICATIONS
Earl Warren- Chief justice of the Supreme Court. He talked about issues such as racial discrimination, which led to the case of Brown v. Board of Education.
Rosa Parks- She was a tired black woman who was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus to a white person.
Ho Chi Minh- He was a communist leader of northern Vietnam.
Ngo Dinh Diem- anticommunist leader of Vietnam
Gamal Abdel Nasser- President Gamal Abdel Nasser, of Egypt, needed money to build a dam in the upper Nile and flirted openly with the Soviet side as well as the U.S. and Britain, and upon seeing this blatant communist association, Secretary of State Dulles dramatically withdrew his offer, thus forcing Nasser to nationalize the dam.(Suez Crisis)
Nikita Khruschev- He took control of the Soviet Union after Stalin.
Fidel Castro- A communist revolutionary who took over Cuba from the pro-U.S. leader, Batista. Batista had come into full power through the Platt Amendment. Castro was an un-American.
Desegregation / Integration- abolishing of desegregation laws and integrating people
Massive Retaliation-Massive Retaliation was the building up of our forces in the sky to scare the enemies . We created the Strategic Air Command (SAC). This was an air fleet of super-bombers equipped with city-flattening nuclear bombs. These fearsome weapons would inflict "Massive Retaliation" on the enemy, and were also a great bang for the buck
Brown v. Board of Education- It was the exact opposite the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson and stated that separate was not equal. Under the Brown case, schools were ordered integrated.
Geneva Conference- Ike tried to thaw the Cold War by appealing for peace to new Soviet
Premier Nikita Khrushchev at the 1955 Geneva Conference, but the Soviet leader rejected such proposals, along with one for “open skies.”
South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)- An organization consisting of eight countries. Secretary Dulles created the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) to emulate NATO, but this provided little help.
Hungarian Revolt- It was a nationwide revolution against the Soviet controlled government that occurred from October 23 to its fail on November 10, 1956.
Suez Crisis- The incident occurred when President Nasser of Egypt sought money to build a dam on the Nile. America and Britain offered financial aid but rescinded once Nasser began to conspire with communists.
Eisenhower Doctrine- a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state.
Sputnik- first space-orbiting satellite launched in October 1957; raised fears about Russian ability to deploy intercontinental ballistic missiles (IBCM) against American cities
National Defense and Education Act — (NDEA)- It was passed in response to the growing comparison of the US to the Soviet Union. It authorized $887 million in loans to college students.
U-2 Incident- On May 1, 1960, an American U-2 Spy Plane was shot down while flying over the Soviet Union. Once the plane’s contents were revealed, America was forced to admit that the plane’s purpose was to surveillance the Soviet Union.
Chapter #37 Guided Reading Questions
Affluence and Its Anxieties
Know: IBM, Information Age, Ozzie and Harriet, The Feminine Mystique
1. What was life like for women in the 1950's?
The shift in jobs from blue collar to white collar workers occurred more opportunities were opened up to women. They also had Pink Collar Ghettos, where women dominated in work areas. Women filled jobs in clerical and service work.
Consumer Culture in the Fifties
Know: Diner's Club, McDonald's, Disneyland, Television, Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, Playboy, The Affluent Society
2. How was popular culture changing and reflecting America?
There was a huge expansion of the middle class and as a result consumer culture. DIner's club introduced the plastic credit card a year after the first McDonald's opened. These were representative of the emerging new lifestyle of leisure and affluence.
The Advent of Eisenhower
Know: Adlai E. Stevenson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Checkers Speech
3. Describe the 1952 presidential election.
Democrats nominated Adlai E. Stevenson & Republicans nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower.
The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
Know: Joseph McCarthy
4. Joseph McCarthy may have been more dangerous to our form of government than any communists who might have been in the country. Explain.
McCarthy accused people of being communists without having any real proof .
Desegregating American Society
Know: Jim Crow Laws, Emmett Till, Jackie Robinson, NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin Luther King Jr.
5. What conditions in the South brought about the beginnings of the Civil Rights movement?
Jim Crow laws segregated African American life. Blacks in the South attended segregated schools but were forced to use separate public toilets, drinking fountains, restaurants, and waiting rooms.
Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution
Know: Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education, All Deliberate Speed, Little Rock Central High School, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Sit-ins, Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee
6. Why was Brown v. Board of Education a landmark case?
It reversed the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson and it stated that separate was not equal.
Makers of America: The Great African-American Migration
7. Why did African Americans move north and west in the 1930's and 40's?
There were more opportunities for African Americans in the north and west and social acceptance of blacks was easier than from the south.
Eisenhower Republicanism at Home
Know: Dynamic Conservatism, Creeping Socialism, Interstate Highway Act, AFL-CIO
8. Did Eisenhower live up to his philosophy of dynamic conservatism?
Eisenhower cut back on Truman's military buildup. He supported th etransfer of control over offshore oil fields from the federal government to individual states. He condemned socialized medicine. He pragmatically accepted and legitimated many new deal programs.
A “New Look” in Foreign Policy
Know: John Foster Dulles, Strategic Air Command, Massive Retaliation, Military-industrial Complex
9. Was Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation effective? Explain.
Eisenhower pursue a policy of boldness in which he relegated the army and navy to the backseat and built up an air fleet of super-bombers It was not very effective as the new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev rejected Eisenhower's call for an open skies mutual inspection program.
The Vietnam Nightmare
Know: Ho Chi Minh, Dienbienphu, Ngo Dinh Diem, Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
10. How did the United States get involved in Vietnam?
Castro took over the pro-american president.
Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East
Know: Shah of Iran, Gamal Abdel Nasser, The Suez Crisis, Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Country
11. Why was the U.S. concerned about problems in the Middle East?
The US was concerned over the government of Iran being influenced by the Kremlin. Tension also mounted with the Suez Crisis in Egypt once Britain and France launched a joint attack on Egypt that ultimately failed because the US refused to provide them with oil.
Round Two for "Ike"
Know: Teamsters, Jimmy Hoffa, Landrum-Griffin Act, , Missile Gap, National Defense and Education Act
12. What labor problems became evident during Eisenhower's second term?
Congressional investigations produced scandalous revelations of gangster-ism fraud, and brass knuckled tactics in many American labor unions. The Landrum-Griffin Act was passed in 1959 and was designed to bring labor leaders to book for financial activities and to prevent bullying tactics.
The Continuing Cold War
Know: U-2 Spy Plane
13. Describe efforts at disarmament during the Eisenhower administration.
After performing experiments that resulted in massive pollution, the Soviets stopped their testing. Khrushchev appeared before the UN General Assembly to call for disarmament.
Cuba's Castroism Spells Communism
Know: Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro
14. Why was revolution in Cuba such a concern to America?
the distance of Cuba to the US raised concerns in the US as Castro grew closer to Khrushchev.
Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency
Know: Richard Nixon, Kitchen Debate, John Kennedy, New Frontier
15. Was Nixon a good presidential candidate in 1960?
He was more experienced because of his vice presidential nominee.
An Old General Fades Away
Know: Alaska, Hawaii
16. Evaluate Eisenhower's presidency.
He was popular with the people. America was prosperous under Eisenhower in terms of domestic construction programs. Alaska and Hawaii were also admitted as states during his presidency. But, he did not use his popularity to help with the civil rights cause.
Earl Warren- Chief justice of the Supreme Court. He talked about issues such as racial discrimination, which led to the case of Brown v. Board of Education.
Rosa Parks- She was a tired black woman who was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus to a white person.
Ho Chi Minh- He was a communist leader of northern Vietnam.
Ngo Dinh Diem- anticommunist leader of Vietnam
Gamal Abdel Nasser- President Gamal Abdel Nasser, of Egypt, needed money to build a dam in the upper Nile and flirted openly with the Soviet side as well as the U.S. and Britain, and upon seeing this blatant communist association, Secretary of State Dulles dramatically withdrew his offer, thus forcing Nasser to nationalize the dam.(Suez Crisis)
Nikita Khruschev- He took control of the Soviet Union after Stalin.
Fidel Castro- A communist revolutionary who took over Cuba from the pro-U.S. leader, Batista. Batista had come into full power through the Platt Amendment. Castro was an un-American.
Desegregation / Integration- abolishing of desegregation laws and integrating people
Massive Retaliation-Massive Retaliation was the building up of our forces in the sky to scare the enemies . We created the Strategic Air Command (SAC). This was an air fleet of super-bombers equipped with city-flattening nuclear bombs. These fearsome weapons would inflict "Massive Retaliation" on the enemy, and were also a great bang for the buck
Brown v. Board of Education- It was the exact opposite the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson and stated that separate was not equal. Under the Brown case, schools were ordered integrated.
Geneva Conference- Ike tried to thaw the Cold War by appealing for peace to new Soviet
Premier Nikita Khrushchev at the 1955 Geneva Conference, but the Soviet leader rejected such proposals, along with one for “open skies.”
South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)- An organization consisting of eight countries. Secretary Dulles created the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) to emulate NATO, but this provided little help.
Hungarian Revolt- It was a nationwide revolution against the Soviet controlled government that occurred from October 23 to its fail on November 10, 1956.
Suez Crisis- The incident occurred when President Nasser of Egypt sought money to build a dam on the Nile. America and Britain offered financial aid but rescinded once Nasser began to conspire with communists.
Eisenhower Doctrine- a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state.
Sputnik- first space-orbiting satellite launched in October 1957; raised fears about Russian ability to deploy intercontinental ballistic missiles (IBCM) against American cities
National Defense and Education Act — (NDEA)- It was passed in response to the growing comparison of the US to the Soviet Union. It authorized $887 million in loans to college students.
U-2 Incident- On May 1, 1960, an American U-2 Spy Plane was shot down while flying over the Soviet Union. Once the plane’s contents were revealed, America was forced to admit that the plane’s purpose was to surveillance the Soviet Union.
Chapter #37 Guided Reading Questions
Affluence and Its Anxieties
Know: IBM, Information Age, Ozzie and Harriet, The Feminine Mystique
1. What was life like for women in the 1950's?
The shift in jobs from blue collar to white collar workers occurred more opportunities were opened up to women. They also had Pink Collar Ghettos, where women dominated in work areas. Women filled jobs in clerical and service work.
Consumer Culture in the Fifties
Know: Diner's Club, McDonald's, Disneyland, Television, Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, Playboy, The Affluent Society
2. How was popular culture changing and reflecting America?
There was a huge expansion of the middle class and as a result consumer culture. DIner's club introduced the plastic credit card a year after the first McDonald's opened. These were representative of the emerging new lifestyle of leisure and affluence.
The Advent of Eisenhower
Know: Adlai E. Stevenson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Checkers Speech
3. Describe the 1952 presidential election.
Democrats nominated Adlai E. Stevenson & Republicans nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower.
The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
Know: Joseph McCarthy
4. Joseph McCarthy may have been more dangerous to our form of government than any communists who might have been in the country. Explain.
McCarthy accused people of being communists without having any real proof .
Desegregating American Society
Know: Jim Crow Laws, Emmett Till, Jackie Robinson, NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin Luther King Jr.
5. What conditions in the South brought about the beginnings of the Civil Rights movement?
Jim Crow laws segregated African American life. Blacks in the South attended segregated schools but were forced to use separate public toilets, drinking fountains, restaurants, and waiting rooms.
Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution
Know: Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education, All Deliberate Speed, Little Rock Central High School, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Sit-ins, Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee
6. Why was Brown v. Board of Education a landmark case?
It reversed the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson and it stated that separate was not equal.
Makers of America: The Great African-American Migration
7. Why did African Americans move north and west in the 1930's and 40's?
There were more opportunities for African Americans in the north and west and social acceptance of blacks was easier than from the south.
Eisenhower Republicanism at Home
Know: Dynamic Conservatism, Creeping Socialism, Interstate Highway Act, AFL-CIO
8. Did Eisenhower live up to his philosophy of dynamic conservatism?
Eisenhower cut back on Truman's military buildup. He supported th etransfer of control over offshore oil fields from the federal government to individual states. He condemned socialized medicine. He pragmatically accepted and legitimated many new deal programs.
A “New Look” in Foreign Policy
Know: John Foster Dulles, Strategic Air Command, Massive Retaliation, Military-industrial Complex
9. Was Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation effective? Explain.
Eisenhower pursue a policy of boldness in which he relegated the army and navy to the backseat and built up an air fleet of super-bombers It was not very effective as the new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev rejected Eisenhower's call for an open skies mutual inspection program.
The Vietnam Nightmare
Know: Ho Chi Minh, Dienbienphu, Ngo Dinh Diem, Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
10. How did the United States get involved in Vietnam?
Castro took over the pro-american president.
Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East
Know: Shah of Iran, Gamal Abdel Nasser, The Suez Crisis, Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Country
11. Why was the U.S. concerned about problems in the Middle East?
The US was concerned over the government of Iran being influenced by the Kremlin. Tension also mounted with the Suez Crisis in Egypt once Britain and France launched a joint attack on Egypt that ultimately failed because the US refused to provide them with oil.
Round Two for "Ike"
Know: Teamsters, Jimmy Hoffa, Landrum-Griffin Act, , Missile Gap, National Defense and Education Act
12. What labor problems became evident during Eisenhower's second term?
Congressional investigations produced scandalous revelations of gangster-ism fraud, and brass knuckled tactics in many American labor unions. The Landrum-Griffin Act was passed in 1959 and was designed to bring labor leaders to book for financial activities and to prevent bullying tactics.
The Continuing Cold War
Know: U-2 Spy Plane
13. Describe efforts at disarmament during the Eisenhower administration.
After performing experiments that resulted in massive pollution, the Soviets stopped their testing. Khrushchev appeared before the UN General Assembly to call for disarmament.
Cuba's Castroism Spells Communism
Know: Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro
14. Why was revolution in Cuba such a concern to America?
the distance of Cuba to the US raised concerns in the US as Castro grew closer to Khrushchev.
Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency
Know: Richard Nixon, Kitchen Debate, John Kennedy, New Frontier
15. Was Nixon a good presidential candidate in 1960?
He was more experienced because of his vice presidential nominee.
An Old General Fades Away
Know: Alaska, Hawaii
16. Evaluate Eisenhower's presidency.
He was popular with the people. America was prosperous under Eisenhower in terms of domestic construction programs. Alaska and Hawaii were also admitted as states during his presidency. But, he did not use his popularity to help with the civil rights cause.