Chapter #27: Identifications
Richard Olney
Secretary of State under President Groover who wrote a letter to Britain
informing them that the British actions because of the gold found in
Venezula was trespassing the Monoroe Doctrine
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Author of the book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783,
argued that every successful world power once held a great navy. This
book helped start a naval race among the great powers and moved the
U.S. to naval supremacy. It motivated the U.S. to look to expanding
overseas.
Valeriano Weyler
A Spanish General who come to Cuba to crush the revolt and put many citizens into concentration camp
and killed many people.
de Lome Letter
An indiscreet epistle, stolen from the mail, described President McKinley in decidedly unflattering terms. The resulting uproar forced Dupuy de Lôme's resignation. It was exposed by Hearst.
Emilio Aguinaldo
a revolutionary Filipino who commanded his Filipino troops to help American George Dewey to acquire Manila from Spain.
Jingoism
An aggressive, nationalistic and patriotic expansion.
Teller Amendment
Cuba would get its freedom after the U.S. fought off the Spanish. It was passed in 1898.
Rough Riders
Americans who volunteered to fight in Cuba at San Juan Hill. The Rough
Riders were lead by Colonel Lenard Wood and was organized by Roosevelt.
Anti-Imperialist League
This league was formed to fight the McKinley administration
expansionist moves. Its members included William James, Mark Twain,
and Andrew Carnegie. The league claimed that it was against Americas
democratic ideals to "take over" other lands.
Foraker Act
gave Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government (and outlawed cockfighting)
Insular cases
Puerto Ricans and Filipinos might be subject to American rule, but they did not enjoy
all American rights.
Platt Amendment
The Cubans were forced to agree not to conclude treaties that might compromise their
independence, not take on debt beyond their resources, the US can intervene with troops
to restore order, and sell or lease needed coaling.
Spheres of Influence
International affairs the territory where a powerful state controls over weaker states of territories.
Philippine Insurrection
Uprising of Filipinos when U.S. broke its promise of Philippine independence, this lasted a long time and casualties were tremendously high.
Open Door Policy
1899; stated, as a result of the other countries establishing spheres of influence in China, that all nations would have equal trading privileges in China.
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese rebellions against foreign influence which the U.S helped suppress.
Big Stick Policy
In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to convince them. Threaten to use force, act as the international police.
Roosevelt Corollary
Stated that the U.S. would use the military to intervene in Latin American affairs if necessary.
Portsmouth Conference
The meeting between Japan, Russia, and the U.S. that ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
The Japanese students would not be put into special schools while Japan would keep their laborers in Japan.
Root-Takahira Agreement
Signed on November 30, 1908, the US and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China.
Chapter #27: Identifications
America Turns Outward
Know: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement
1.What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?
Rising exports, manufacturing capability, power, and wealth, the US began to expand .
Josiah Strong was the Reverend author of Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
for overseas involvement.
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear
Know: Queen Liliuokalani
2.Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?
President Groover suspected that the US had wronged the deposed Queen Liluokalani
and her people.
Cubans Rise in Revolt
Know: General Weyler
3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?
The Cubans were revolting against the Spanish rule and they torched the sugar cane fields.
Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila
Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey
4.Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?
The Us Military was modernized. He had naval control so it was easy.
The Confused Invasion of Cuba
Know: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill
5. Describe the fighting in Cuba.
The fighting was unfair because the Mexican people were out numbered and out gunned. The Spanish
were at a disadvantage and they all died of disease.
America's Course (Curse?) of Empire
Know:Anti-Imperialist League
6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?
The Philippines might face anarchy, Catholic conversions, profits. Against: dishonor,
destroys America's venerable commitments to self-determinations and anti-colonialism
Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans
7.How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?
It improved health & sanitation on the island and triggered a populations growth but the
unemployment rate went up.
Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba
Know: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo
8.Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
They gave Cuba their freedom but made them pass the Platt Amendment which later
became their constitution.
New Horizons in Two Hemispheres
9.What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
Filipinos never got freedom after the Spanish-American War so they revolted.
"Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines
Know: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation
10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?
The poorly equipped Filipino rebels resulted into guerrilla warfare. The Philippines had improved
roads, sanitation, and public health. Important economic ties were made. American teachers set up a
school system and taught English.
Hinging the Open Door in China
Know: Boxer Rebellion
11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?
No . America took China and divided it into parts without the consent from China. They also made China
pay $333 million for the Boxer Rebellion and american received $18 million.
Makers of America: The Filipinos
12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.
No. The Filipinos came to America to work. They prohibited the marriage of Asians and
Caucasians in demeaning laws and Filipino women were accused improperly accosting white women.
Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?
13. What issues were important in the 1900 election?
Bryan’s supporters concentrated on imperialism. But Americans were tired of that subject.
TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick
Know: Big Stick Policy, Bully Pulpit
14. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?
TR's motta was “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” “Let your actions do the speaking.” He believed that a president should lead and was a master politician. He was the “first modern president.”
Building the Panama Canal
Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas
15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?
During the Spanish- American War, the battleship U.S.S. Oregon had to travel all the way around the tip of South America to join the fleet in Cuba. They realized in order to have a better defense, they would have to make a water way.
TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine
Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor
16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?
Both the favored isolationism, but in the Monroe Doctrine, it said that America would help no one while in the Roosevelt Corollary, it said that in the event of future financial malfeasance by the Latin American nations, America would intervene, take over the customhouses, pay off the debts, and keep the Europeans on the other side of the Atlantic.
Roosevelt on the World Stage
Know: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth Conference
17. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?
When Japan attacked Russia in 1904. Then, they approached TR to make a peace treaty. At Portsmouth, New Hampshire, both sides met and TR negotiated a deal in which Japan got half of Sakhalin but no indemnity for its losses. For this and his mediation of North African disputes in 1906 through an international conference at Algeciras, Spain, TR received a Nobel Peace Prize.
Japanese Laborers in California
Know: Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet
18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese
relations?
San Francisco decreed that due to the lack of space, the Asian students would go to a special school.
This instantly became an international problem but TR settled it.
San Fran would not displace students while Japan would keep its laborers in Japan (Gentlemen’s Agreement).
Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power?
19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.
The pressure from other countries imperializing made America imperialize but the Monroe Doctrine was against
it but America did to gain more power
Richard Olney
Secretary of State under President Groover who wrote a letter to Britain
informing them that the British actions because of the gold found in
Venezula was trespassing the Monoroe Doctrine
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Author of the book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783,
argued that every successful world power once held a great navy. This
book helped start a naval race among the great powers and moved the
U.S. to naval supremacy. It motivated the U.S. to look to expanding
overseas.
Valeriano Weyler
A Spanish General who come to Cuba to crush the revolt and put many citizens into concentration camp
and killed many people.
de Lome Letter
An indiscreet epistle, stolen from the mail, described President McKinley in decidedly unflattering terms. The resulting uproar forced Dupuy de Lôme's resignation. It was exposed by Hearst.
Emilio Aguinaldo
a revolutionary Filipino who commanded his Filipino troops to help American George Dewey to acquire Manila from Spain.
Jingoism
An aggressive, nationalistic and patriotic expansion.
Teller Amendment
Cuba would get its freedom after the U.S. fought off the Spanish. It was passed in 1898.
Rough Riders
Americans who volunteered to fight in Cuba at San Juan Hill. The Rough
Riders were lead by Colonel Lenard Wood and was organized by Roosevelt.
Anti-Imperialist League
This league was formed to fight the McKinley administration
expansionist moves. Its members included William James, Mark Twain,
and Andrew Carnegie. The league claimed that it was against Americas
democratic ideals to "take over" other lands.
Foraker Act
gave Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government (and outlawed cockfighting)
Insular cases
Puerto Ricans and Filipinos might be subject to American rule, but they did not enjoy
all American rights.
Platt Amendment
The Cubans were forced to agree not to conclude treaties that might compromise their
independence, not take on debt beyond their resources, the US can intervene with troops
to restore order, and sell or lease needed coaling.
Spheres of Influence
International affairs the territory where a powerful state controls over weaker states of territories.
Philippine Insurrection
Uprising of Filipinos when U.S. broke its promise of Philippine independence, this lasted a long time and casualties were tremendously high.
Open Door Policy
1899; stated, as a result of the other countries establishing spheres of influence in China, that all nations would have equal trading privileges in China.
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese rebellions against foreign influence which the U.S helped suppress.
Big Stick Policy
In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to convince them. Threaten to use force, act as the international police.
Roosevelt Corollary
Stated that the U.S. would use the military to intervene in Latin American affairs if necessary.
Portsmouth Conference
The meeting between Japan, Russia, and the U.S. that ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
The Japanese students would not be put into special schools while Japan would keep their laborers in Japan.
Root-Takahira Agreement
Signed on November 30, 1908, the US and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China.
Chapter #27: Identifications
America Turns Outward
Know: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement
1.What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?
Rising exports, manufacturing capability, power, and wealth, the US began to expand .
Josiah Strong was the Reverend author of Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
for overseas involvement.
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear
Know: Queen Liliuokalani
2.Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?
President Groover suspected that the US had wronged the deposed Queen Liluokalani
and her people.
Cubans Rise in Revolt
Know: General Weyler
3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?
The Cubans were revolting against the Spanish rule and they torched the sugar cane fields.
Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila
Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey
4.Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?
The Us Military was modernized. He had naval control so it was easy.
The Confused Invasion of Cuba
Know: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill
5. Describe the fighting in Cuba.
The fighting was unfair because the Mexican people were out numbered and out gunned. The Spanish
were at a disadvantage and they all died of disease.
America's Course (Curse?) of Empire
Know:Anti-Imperialist League
6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?
The Philippines might face anarchy, Catholic conversions, profits. Against: dishonor,
destroys America's venerable commitments to self-determinations and anti-colonialism
Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans
7.How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?
It improved health & sanitation on the island and triggered a populations growth but the
unemployment rate went up.
Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba
Know: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo
8.Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
They gave Cuba their freedom but made them pass the Platt Amendment which later
became their constitution.
New Horizons in Two Hemispheres
9.What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
Filipinos never got freedom after the Spanish-American War so they revolted.
"Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines
Know: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation
10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?
The poorly equipped Filipino rebels resulted into guerrilla warfare. The Philippines had improved
roads, sanitation, and public health. Important economic ties were made. American teachers set up a
school system and taught English.
Hinging the Open Door in China
Know: Boxer Rebellion
11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?
No . America took China and divided it into parts without the consent from China. They also made China
pay $333 million for the Boxer Rebellion and american received $18 million.
Makers of America: The Filipinos
12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.
No. The Filipinos came to America to work. They prohibited the marriage of Asians and
Caucasians in demeaning laws and Filipino women were accused improperly accosting white women.
Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?
13. What issues were important in the 1900 election?
Bryan’s supporters concentrated on imperialism. But Americans were tired of that subject.
TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick
Know: Big Stick Policy, Bully Pulpit
14. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?
TR's motta was “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” “Let your actions do the speaking.” He believed that a president should lead and was a master politician. He was the “first modern president.”
Building the Panama Canal
Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas
15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?
During the Spanish- American War, the battleship U.S.S. Oregon had to travel all the way around the tip of South America to join the fleet in Cuba. They realized in order to have a better defense, they would have to make a water way.
TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine
Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor
16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?
Both the favored isolationism, but in the Monroe Doctrine, it said that America would help no one while in the Roosevelt Corollary, it said that in the event of future financial malfeasance by the Latin American nations, America would intervene, take over the customhouses, pay off the debts, and keep the Europeans on the other side of the Atlantic.
Roosevelt on the World Stage
Know: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth Conference
17. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?
When Japan attacked Russia in 1904. Then, they approached TR to make a peace treaty. At Portsmouth, New Hampshire, both sides met and TR negotiated a deal in which Japan got half of Sakhalin but no indemnity for its losses. For this and his mediation of North African disputes in 1906 through an international conference at Algeciras, Spain, TR received a Nobel Peace Prize.
Japanese Laborers in California
Know: Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet
18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese
relations?
San Francisco decreed that due to the lack of space, the Asian students would go to a special school.
This instantly became an international problem but TR settled it.
San Fran would not displace students while Japan would keep its laborers in Japan (Gentlemen’s Agreement).
Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power?
19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.
The pressure from other countries imperializing made America imperialize but the Monroe Doctrine was against
it but America did to gain more power