Chapter #30 Identifications
George Creel
Head of the Committee on Public Information. He used many techniques to persuade the public to support the war. He made the Creel organization and delivered speeches in favor of the war.
Bernard Baruch
A Wall Street broker before being chosen by President Wilson in 1918 to head the War Industries Board. He helped the U.S. manage war production.
Henry Cabot Lodge
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations. He was also against the Treaty of Versailles.
James M. Cox
The Democrats chose Ohio governor Cox as president for the 1920 election who was for League of Nations.
Self-Determination
Where groups choose their government for themselves.
Collective security
A system of maintaining world peace and security by concerted action on the part of the nations of the world.
Normalcy
a world used by President Warren Harding to describe the calm political & social order to which he wished to return the US after the commotion of the presidency of Wilson
Zimmerman Note
Secret telegram sent by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador in the US. It said that in the event of war w the US Mexico should be asked to enter the war as a German Ally But the British intercepted it and deciphered the Telegram
Fourteen Points
An outline of proposals by Wilson for a post world war I peace settlement, and called for a general association of nations (League of Nations --> United Nations)
League of Nations
A union proposed in the Fourteen Points by Wilson.
Committee on Public Information
Creel was in charge of this . Created to get supporters of war.
Espionage and Sedition Acts
This showed the fears of Americans and paranoia of Germans. They were anti foreign acts that sought to persecute “spies” and persecute anyone engaging in “seditious” activity.
Industrial Workers of the World
Anti-war Socialists and were often prosecuted, included Eugene V. Debs and William D. Haywood who were arrested and sent to jail. Against WWI and a labor union.
War Industries Board
Lead by Bernard Baruch but this group never had much power and disbanded soon after the armistice. It was created to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries.
Nineteenth Amendment
Gave Women the right to vote
Food Administration
Led by Herbert Hooverand organized huge successful voluntary food drive for the people in Belgium.
Irreconcilables
Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without Amendments.
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty that ended WWI. It was signed in Paris It basically blamed Germany for all their problems and it said Germany was at fault for WWI.
Chapter #30 Guided Reading Questions
War by Act of Germany
Know: "Peace without Victory," Unlimited Submarine Warfare, Arthur Zimmermann
1. What events led Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war?
Germany announced that they would break the Sussex pledge and return to a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. U-boats would now be firing on armed and unarmed ships in the war zone.
Wilsonian Idealism Enthroned
Know: Jeannette Rankin
2. Name Wilson’s twin war aims. How did these set America apart from the other combatants?
“make the world safe for democracy.” would fight, not for riches or war but to free others from the tyranny of Wilson’s initial goal was “peace without victory.”
Wilson’s Fourteen Potent Points
Know: Fourteen Points
3. List several of Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
Freedom of the seas
Removal of economic barriers
Reduction of armament burdens
Adjustment of colonial claims
Self-determination
League of Nations
Creel Manipulates Minds
Know: Committee on Public Information, George Creel, Four-minute Men, The Hun, Over There
4. How were Americans motivated to help in the war effort?
He sent out 75,000 “four-minute me” to deliver speeches in favor of the war, showered millions of pamphlets.
Enforcing Loyalty and Stifling Dissent
Know: Liberty Cabbage, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Eugene V. Debs, William D. Haywood
5. How was loyalty forced during WWI?
The Sedition and Espionage Acts.
The Nation’s Factories Go to War
Know: Bernard Baruch, War Industries Board
6. Why was it difficult to mobilize industry for the war effort?
America was very unprepared.
Workers in Wartime
Know: "Work or Fight," National War Labor Board, Wobblies
7. How did the war affect the labor movement?
Congress said unemployed men could be forced into the army to order to stop strikers.
Suffering Until Suffrage
Know: NAWSA, 19th Amendment, Women’s Bureau
8. How did the war affect women?
Women found jobs, proved their worth, had suffrage, and had the 19th amendment passed.
Forging a War Economy
Know: Food Administration, Herbert Hoover, Meatless Tuesdays, Eighteenth Amendment, Heatless Mondays, Liberty Bonds
9. Did government become too intrusive in people’s lives during the war? Give examples to support your answer.
no. the government was trying to rally support of the war. The government needed the moral for the war.
Making Plowboys into Doughboys
10. Was the government’s effort to rise an army fair and effective?
not fair because the men and women did not have a choice to be in the war but it was effective because there was a lot of people who showed up on draft day.
Fighting in France--Belatedly
11. How were American troops used in Russia?
They were used in RUssia to help allied invasion of Russia at archangel to prevent munitions from falling into German hands
America Helps Hammer the Hun
Know: Marshal Foch, John J. Pershing, Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Alvin York
12. Describe the effect of the American troops on the fighting.
American's joined the war not a moment too soon. When the Americans finally arrived in Europe, the Germans were 40 miles away from Paris and on the brink of seizing France, ending all hope for the Allied cause. The French soldiers were running low on supplies and the Americans provided a surge of energy. They were thrown right into the surge of the American advance, stopping the French soldiers. The american's participated in a Foch counteroffensive in the Second Battle of the Marne. This counterattack was the beginning of the Withdrawal of the Germans.
The Fourteen Points Disarm Germany
Know: Armistice
13. What role did America play in bringing Germany to surrender?
They surrendered on the 11th hour of the 11th day or the 11th month of 1918, also known as Armistice Day, or Veterans day. The real reason why Germany surrendered was the possibility of seemingly endless American troops and supplies.
Wilson Steps Down from Olympus
Know: Henry Cabot Lodge
14. What political mistakes hurt Wilson in the months following the armistice?
Wilson decided to travel to Europe himself without the 'great politician' Lodge
The Idealist Battles the Imperialists in Paris
Know: Vittorio Orlando, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, League of Nations
15. How did Wilson’s desire for the League of Nations affect his bargaining at the peace conference?
Britain and France wanted to punish Germany, Italy wanted money or land and America wanted to heal wounds through the League of Nations. Britain and France agreed to go along with the League of Nations and Wilson reluctantly agreed to go along with the punishment as a bargain.
Hammering Out the Treaty
Know: William Borah, Hiram Johnson,Irreconcilables
16. What compromises did Wilson make at the peace conference?
France settled for the Saar basin would remain under the League of Nations for fifteen years, and then a popular vote would determine its fate. France got the Treaty of Security in which both Britain and America pledged to come to its aid in the event of another German invasion. Italy’s compromise didn’t work out and Wilson unwillingly accepted a compromise where Japan kept Germany’s economic holdings in Shandong and pledged to return the peninsula to China at a later date.
The Peace Treaty That Bred a New War
Know:Treaty of Versailles
17. For what reasons did Wilson compromise his 14 Points?
He really wanted his League of Nations to work so he did anything to make it happen
The Domestic Parade of Prejudice
18. Why was the treaty criticized back in America?
Hun-hater felt that treaty wasn't harsh enough while the Irish denounced the League. The "hyphenated" Americans all felt that the treaty had not been fair to their country.
Wilson’s Tour and Collapse (1919)
19. What was the purpose and result of Wilson’s trip around the country when he returned to America?
To get the people in the US to support the Treaty of Versailles
Defeat Through Deadlock
20. Why was the treaty finally rejected?
Henry Lodge came up with fourteen "reservations" and Wilson told his people not to vote on ti because Lodge has ruined it.
The "Solemn Referendum" of 1920
Know: Warren Harding, James M. Cox, Normalcy
21. What did the results of the 1920 election indicate?
People were tired of the changes and wanted to go back to normalcy.
The Betrayal of Great Expectations
22. How much should the U.S. be blamed for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles?
They blamed Uncle Sam for the fault.
Varying Viewpoints: Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist?
Know: Realism, Idealism, Wilsonianism
23. To what extent was Wilson realistic when he called for a world of cooperation, equality and justice among nations?
He was realistic because its hard for countries to get a long and negotiate with each other
George Creel
Head of the Committee on Public Information. He used many techniques to persuade the public to support the war. He made the Creel organization and delivered speeches in favor of the war.
Bernard Baruch
A Wall Street broker before being chosen by President Wilson in 1918 to head the War Industries Board. He helped the U.S. manage war production.
Henry Cabot Lodge
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations. He was also against the Treaty of Versailles.
James M. Cox
The Democrats chose Ohio governor Cox as president for the 1920 election who was for League of Nations.
Self-Determination
Where groups choose their government for themselves.
Collective security
A system of maintaining world peace and security by concerted action on the part of the nations of the world.
Normalcy
a world used by President Warren Harding to describe the calm political & social order to which he wished to return the US after the commotion of the presidency of Wilson
Zimmerman Note
Secret telegram sent by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador in the US. It said that in the event of war w the US Mexico should be asked to enter the war as a German Ally But the British intercepted it and deciphered the Telegram
Fourteen Points
An outline of proposals by Wilson for a post world war I peace settlement, and called for a general association of nations (League of Nations --> United Nations)
League of Nations
A union proposed in the Fourteen Points by Wilson.
Committee on Public Information
Creel was in charge of this . Created to get supporters of war.
Espionage and Sedition Acts
This showed the fears of Americans and paranoia of Germans. They were anti foreign acts that sought to persecute “spies” and persecute anyone engaging in “seditious” activity.
Industrial Workers of the World
Anti-war Socialists and were often prosecuted, included Eugene V. Debs and William D. Haywood who were arrested and sent to jail. Against WWI and a labor union.
War Industries Board
Lead by Bernard Baruch but this group never had much power and disbanded soon after the armistice. It was created to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries.
Nineteenth Amendment
Gave Women the right to vote
Food Administration
Led by Herbert Hooverand organized huge successful voluntary food drive for the people in Belgium.
Irreconcilables
Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without Amendments.
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty that ended WWI. It was signed in Paris It basically blamed Germany for all their problems and it said Germany was at fault for WWI.
Chapter #30 Guided Reading Questions
War by Act of Germany
Know: "Peace without Victory," Unlimited Submarine Warfare, Arthur Zimmermann
1. What events led Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war?
Germany announced that they would break the Sussex pledge and return to a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. U-boats would now be firing on armed and unarmed ships in the war zone.
Wilsonian Idealism Enthroned
Know: Jeannette Rankin
2. Name Wilson’s twin war aims. How did these set America apart from the other combatants?
“make the world safe for democracy.” would fight, not for riches or war but to free others from the tyranny of Wilson’s initial goal was “peace without victory.”
Wilson’s Fourteen Potent Points
Know: Fourteen Points
3. List several of Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
Freedom of the seas
Removal of economic barriers
Reduction of armament burdens
Adjustment of colonial claims
Self-determination
League of Nations
Creel Manipulates Minds
Know: Committee on Public Information, George Creel, Four-minute Men, The Hun, Over There
4. How were Americans motivated to help in the war effort?
He sent out 75,000 “four-minute me” to deliver speeches in favor of the war, showered millions of pamphlets.
Enforcing Loyalty and Stifling Dissent
Know: Liberty Cabbage, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Eugene V. Debs, William D. Haywood
5. How was loyalty forced during WWI?
The Sedition and Espionage Acts.
The Nation’s Factories Go to War
Know: Bernard Baruch, War Industries Board
6. Why was it difficult to mobilize industry for the war effort?
America was very unprepared.
Workers in Wartime
Know: "Work or Fight," National War Labor Board, Wobblies
7. How did the war affect the labor movement?
Congress said unemployed men could be forced into the army to order to stop strikers.
Suffering Until Suffrage
Know: NAWSA, 19th Amendment, Women’s Bureau
8. How did the war affect women?
Women found jobs, proved their worth, had suffrage, and had the 19th amendment passed.
Forging a War Economy
Know: Food Administration, Herbert Hoover, Meatless Tuesdays, Eighteenth Amendment, Heatless Mondays, Liberty Bonds
9. Did government become too intrusive in people’s lives during the war? Give examples to support your answer.
no. the government was trying to rally support of the war. The government needed the moral for the war.
Making Plowboys into Doughboys
10. Was the government’s effort to rise an army fair and effective?
not fair because the men and women did not have a choice to be in the war but it was effective because there was a lot of people who showed up on draft day.
Fighting in France--Belatedly
11. How were American troops used in Russia?
They were used in RUssia to help allied invasion of Russia at archangel to prevent munitions from falling into German hands
America Helps Hammer the Hun
Know: Marshal Foch, John J. Pershing, Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Alvin York
12. Describe the effect of the American troops on the fighting.
American's joined the war not a moment too soon. When the Americans finally arrived in Europe, the Germans were 40 miles away from Paris and on the brink of seizing France, ending all hope for the Allied cause. The French soldiers were running low on supplies and the Americans provided a surge of energy. They were thrown right into the surge of the American advance, stopping the French soldiers. The american's participated in a Foch counteroffensive in the Second Battle of the Marne. This counterattack was the beginning of the Withdrawal of the Germans.
The Fourteen Points Disarm Germany
Know: Armistice
13. What role did America play in bringing Germany to surrender?
They surrendered on the 11th hour of the 11th day or the 11th month of 1918, also known as Armistice Day, or Veterans day. The real reason why Germany surrendered was the possibility of seemingly endless American troops and supplies.
Wilson Steps Down from Olympus
Know: Henry Cabot Lodge
14. What political mistakes hurt Wilson in the months following the armistice?
Wilson decided to travel to Europe himself without the 'great politician' Lodge
The Idealist Battles the Imperialists in Paris
Know: Vittorio Orlando, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, League of Nations
15. How did Wilson’s desire for the League of Nations affect his bargaining at the peace conference?
Britain and France wanted to punish Germany, Italy wanted money or land and America wanted to heal wounds through the League of Nations. Britain and France agreed to go along with the League of Nations and Wilson reluctantly agreed to go along with the punishment as a bargain.
Hammering Out the Treaty
Know: William Borah, Hiram Johnson,Irreconcilables
16. What compromises did Wilson make at the peace conference?
France settled for the Saar basin would remain under the League of Nations for fifteen years, and then a popular vote would determine its fate. France got the Treaty of Security in which both Britain and America pledged to come to its aid in the event of another German invasion. Italy’s compromise didn’t work out and Wilson unwillingly accepted a compromise where Japan kept Germany’s economic holdings in Shandong and pledged to return the peninsula to China at a later date.
The Peace Treaty That Bred a New War
Know:Treaty of Versailles
17. For what reasons did Wilson compromise his 14 Points?
He really wanted his League of Nations to work so he did anything to make it happen
The Domestic Parade of Prejudice
18. Why was the treaty criticized back in America?
Hun-hater felt that treaty wasn't harsh enough while the Irish denounced the League. The "hyphenated" Americans all felt that the treaty had not been fair to their country.
Wilson’s Tour and Collapse (1919)
19. What was the purpose and result of Wilson’s trip around the country when he returned to America?
To get the people in the US to support the Treaty of Versailles
Defeat Through Deadlock
20. Why was the treaty finally rejected?
Henry Lodge came up with fourteen "reservations" and Wilson told his people not to vote on ti because Lodge has ruined it.
The "Solemn Referendum" of 1920
Know: Warren Harding, James M. Cox, Normalcy
21. What did the results of the 1920 election indicate?
People were tired of the changes and wanted to go back to normalcy.
The Betrayal of Great Expectations
22. How much should the U.S. be blamed for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles?
They blamed Uncle Sam for the fault.
Varying Viewpoints: Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist?
Know: Realism, Idealism, Wilsonianism
23. To what extent was Wilson realistic when he called for a world of cooperation, equality and justice among nations?
He was realistic because its hard for countries to get a long and negotiate with each other