Chapter #31 Identifications
A. Mitchell Palmer
He led the Palmer raids against communists as a result of the red scare. He had 6000 people arrested.
John T. Scopes
He was a bio teacher who was in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He taught evolution to kids in Tennessee.
Clarence Darrow
Lawyer of John T. Scopes who defended him in the Scopes Monkey Trial.
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of Treasury under Hoover, Coolidge, and Harding.
Frederick W. Taylor
He promoted efficient workers and helped them succeed.
Margaret Sanger
She supported birth control.
H. L. Mencken
He was the author of American Monthly
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Author of the Great Gatsby and coined the term "Jazz Age" to describe the 20s.
Ernest Hemingway
Wrote The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms.
Sinclair Lewis
Wrote Main Street that showed small towns and wrote about American materialism.
Buying on Margin
People would buy stocks from Wall Street with money they borrowed and everyone just kept buying and buying which led to the crash of the stock market.
Red Scare
When american's believed that communism was taking over
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Two Italian men who were accused of murder but they had good alibis and clearly was innocent but Americans were scared of communism so they gave them the death penalty.
Emergency Quota Act 1921
limited the number of immigrants coming to America to 3% of the immigrants already living in America.
Immigration Quota Act 1924
further limited the Emergency Quota Act to 2% of the immigrants living in America.
Volstead Act
implemented the 18th amendment, which legalized the prohibition of alcohol.
Fundamentalism
A group of religious people who believed in the Bible and took it seriously and literally
Modernists
direct opposites as Fundamentalists.
Chapter #31 Guided Reading Questions
Seeing Red
Know: Billy Sunday, Red Scare, A. Mitchell Palmer, Sacco and Vanzetti
1. Cite examples of actions taken in reaction to the perceived threat of radicals and communists during the red scare.
Hooded Hoodlums of the KKK
2. Compare and contrast the new and old Ku Klux Klansmen.
Stemming the Foreign Flood
Know: Emergency Quota Act, Immigration Act
3. Describe the immigration laws passed in the 1920's.
Makers of America: The Poles
Know: Prussian Poles, Russian Poles, Austrian Poles, American Warsaw
4. What factors led Poles to America?
The Prohibition "Experiment"
Know: Eighteenth Amendment, Volstead Act, Wet and Dry, Speakeasies, Home Brew,
Bathtub Gin, Noble Experiment
5. How and why was the eighteenth amendment broken so frequently?
The Golden Age of Gangsterism
Know: Al Capone, St. Valentine's Day Massacre, Lindbergh Law
6. What was Gangsterism?
Monkey Business in Tennessee
Know: John Dewey, John T. Scopes, William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow
7. Describe the clash of cultures that took place in schools in the 1920's.
The Mass-Consumption Economy
Know: Andrew Mellon, The Man Nobody Knows, Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey
8. Give evidence to prove that America became a mass-consumption economy in the 20's.
Putting America on Rubber Tires
Know: Henry Ford, Frederick W. Taylor, Model T
9. What methods made it possible to mass-produce automobiles?
The Advent of the Gasoline Age
10. What were the effects of the widespread adoption of the automobile?
Humans Develop Wings
Know: Orville and Wilbur Wright, Charles Lindbergh
11. What effects did the early airplane have on America
The Radio Revolution
12. How did America change as the result of the radio?
Hollywood's Filmland Fantasies
Know:The Great Train Robbery, The Birth of a Nation, The Jazz Singer
13. What were some milestones in the history of motion pictures?
The Dynamic Decade
Know: Margaret Sanger, Flappers, Sigmund Freud, Jelly Roll Morton, Langston Hughes, Marcus Garvey
14. "Far-reaching changes in lifestyles and values paralleled the dramatic upsurge in the economy." Explain.
Cultural Liberation
Know: H. L. Mencken, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, E.E. Cummings, Eugene O'Neill, Louis Armstrong, Frank Lloyd Wright
15. How did the arts of the 1920's reflect the times?
Wall Street's Big Bull Market
Know: Margin, Andrew Mellon
16. Was government economic policy successful in the 20's?
Chapter 32: Identifications
Andrew Mellon
He was the secretary of treasury during Harding's administration.
Herbert Hoover
Presidential Republican candidate for presidency in the 1928 election that won
Albert B. Fall
He was the Secretary of the Interior during Harding's administration. He was involved with Teapot Dome Scandal, in which he sold oil reserves illegally.
Robert LaFollette
He was the Progressive candidate for presidency in the election of 1924
Alfred E. Smith
He was the Democratic candidate for presidency in the election of 1928
Ohio Gang
friends of Harding, who tarnished his presidency with their corruption.
Washington Conference
Disarmament Conference held by the US that established a ten year holiday on the construction of battleships. Everyone was invited to this conference except Russia.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
It declared war to be illegal and was eventually signed by 62 nations.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
It raised tariffs by 38%.
Teapot Dome Scandal
tarnished the reputation of Washington. Albert B. Fall was involved oil reserves illegally to oilmen for money.
Dawes Plan
loan system between Germany and the US. It was ineffective because US would give money to Germany, who would then repay loans to Britain and France, who would return the money to the US
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Raised tariff to 60%. highest tariff of them all.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
established by Congress and aided insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and state governments
Bonus Army
Veterans who marched to the Capitol that demanded for money and set up a Hoovervilles in front of the white house.
Hoover-Stimson doctrine
Resulted because of Japan's attack on Manchuria and stated that the US would not recognize any territory taken by force.
Chapter #32 Guided Reading Questions
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
The Stench of Scandal
Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6."Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
Frustrated Farmers
Know: McNary-Haugen Bill
8. What had changed for the farmer since 1890?
A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924
Know: Robert La Follette
9. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election?
Foreign-Policy Flounderings
10. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?
Unraveling the Debt Knot
Know: Dawes Plan
11. What were the world-wide repercussions of America’s insistence on debt repayment?
The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928
Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"
12. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith?
President Hoover's First Moves
Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff
13. Did Hoover’s attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain.
The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties
Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
14. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash?
Hooked on the Horn of Plenty
Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles
15. What causes contributed to the Great Depression?
Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists
Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian
16. How did President Hoover’s beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?
Hoover Battles the Great Depression
Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts
17. Is Hoover’s reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain.
Routing the Bonus Army in Washington
Know:Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur
18. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why?
Japanese Militarists Attack China
Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine
19. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations?
Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy
20. What was President Hoover’s policy toward Latin America
Chapter #33: Identifications
Eleanor Roosevelt
Wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt. She is considered one of the most active first ladies.
Harry Hopkins
Head of several New Deal legislations, such as the FERA and the CWA.
Frances Perkins
Secretary of Labor, she was the first female cabinet member.
Father Coughlin
He was opposed to FDR's new Deal programs and as a result of his anti-semitism he was silenced by his superiors.
Huey Long
He was a Senator and opponent of the New Deal. He created a program called "Share Our Wealth" by which he planned to make "ëvery man a king" by taking money from the rich to give $5000 to every family.
Francis Townshend
a Californian doctor who wanted to give $500 to all seniors and they had to use it all up in that month.
Harold Ickes
head of the Public Works Administration PWA and secretary of the interior
Alfred M. Landon
He was the Republican candidate for presidency in the 1936 election against FDR.
Brain Trust(s)
young scholars, mostly professors, who FDR was criticized of using ot write his speeches.
The three R's
Relief, Recovery, Reform
National Labor Relation Board
created by the Wagner Act and ensured self-organization for labor.
Court-packing scheme
FDR's plan to get rid of the conservative justices on the Supreme Court. He wanted to add a new justice for every justice on the Supreme Court who was over the age of 70 and would not retire.
Chapter #33 Guided Reading Questions
FDR: A Politician in a Wheelchair
Know: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt
1. What kind of man was FDR?
Presidential Hopefuls of 1932
2. What was Roosevelt's campaign message in the 1932 election?
The Humiliation of Hoover in 1932
3. What were the immediate results of Roosevelt's victory?
FDR and the Three R's: Relief, Recovery, Reform
Know: New Deal, Banking Holiday, Hundred Days, Three R's,
4. Describe the New Deal.
Roosevelt Manages the Money
Know: Fireside Chats, Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Managed Currency
5. What were the key aspects of FDR's monetary policy?
Creating Jobs for the Jobless
Know: Pump Priming, CCC, FERA, Harry Hopkins, AAA, HOLC, CWA
6. Explain the difference between New Deal agencies and what radical critics wanted the government to do.
A Day for Every Demagogue
Know: Father Charles Coughlin, Huey Long, Dr. Francis E. Townsend, WPA
7. List other historical demagogues.
New Visibility for Women
Know: Frances Perkins, Mary McLeod Bethune, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Pearl Buck
8. Explain the factors that made it possible for these women to gain fame.
Helping Industry and Labor
Know: NRA, Sick Chicken Decision, PWA, Harold Ickes
9. How did the NRA attempt to restore industry?
Paying Farmers Not to Farm
10. How did the federal government attempt to help farmers?
Dust Bowls and Black Blizzards
Know: Dust Bowl, Okies and Arkies, The Grapes of Wrath, Indian Reorganization Act
11. How did nature cause problems for some farmers on the plains?
Makers of America: The Dust Bowl Migrants
Know: San Joaquin Valley, Farm Security Administration, Okievilles
12. In what ways were things better in California? In what ways were they the same?
Battling Bankers and Big Business
Know: Federal Securities Act, SEC
13. "Reformist New Dealers were determined from the outset to curb the `money changers....'" Explain.
The TVA Harnesses the Tennessee River
Know: TVA, Creeping Socialism
14. What arguments were used for and against the TVA project?
Housing Reform and Social Security
Know: FHA, Social Security
15. How did the FHA and Social Security attempt to help some of society's least fortunate?
A New Deal for Labor
Know: Wagner Act, National Labor Relations Board, CIO, John L. Lewis, Sit-down Strike
16. How did labor respond to the improvement of conditions brought about by the New Deal?
Landon Challenges "the Champ”
Know: Alfred Landon, American Liberty League
17. What was the significance of the 1936 election?
Nine Old Men on the Supreme Bench
18. Why did Roosevelt ask Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court?
The Court Changes Course
Know: Court Packing, Hugo Black
19. What were the consequences of FDR's attempt to pack the Court ?
The Twilight of the New Deal
Know: Roosevelt Recession, John Maynard Keynes, Hatch Act
20. Assess the successfulness of FDR in his second term.
21. What criticism of the New Deal seems most fair to you? Least fair?
Know: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Carl Degler, Constraints School of Historians, New Deal Coalition
22. What did William Leuechtenburg mean when he called the New Deal a "half-way revolution?" (Your answer should focus more on the information before this term than on the information after it.)
A. Mitchell Palmer
He led the Palmer raids against communists as a result of the red scare. He had 6000 people arrested.
John T. Scopes
He was a bio teacher who was in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He taught evolution to kids in Tennessee.
Clarence Darrow
Lawyer of John T. Scopes who defended him in the Scopes Monkey Trial.
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of Treasury under Hoover, Coolidge, and Harding.
Frederick W. Taylor
He promoted efficient workers and helped them succeed.
Margaret Sanger
She supported birth control.
H. L. Mencken
He was the author of American Monthly
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Author of the Great Gatsby and coined the term "Jazz Age" to describe the 20s.
Ernest Hemingway
Wrote The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms.
Sinclair Lewis
Wrote Main Street that showed small towns and wrote about American materialism.
Buying on Margin
People would buy stocks from Wall Street with money they borrowed and everyone just kept buying and buying which led to the crash of the stock market.
Red Scare
When american's believed that communism was taking over
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Two Italian men who were accused of murder but they had good alibis and clearly was innocent but Americans were scared of communism so they gave them the death penalty.
Emergency Quota Act 1921
limited the number of immigrants coming to America to 3% of the immigrants already living in America.
Immigration Quota Act 1924
further limited the Emergency Quota Act to 2% of the immigrants living in America.
Volstead Act
implemented the 18th amendment, which legalized the prohibition of alcohol.
Fundamentalism
A group of religious people who believed in the Bible and took it seriously and literally
Modernists
direct opposites as Fundamentalists.
Chapter #31 Guided Reading Questions
Seeing Red
Know: Billy Sunday, Red Scare, A. Mitchell Palmer, Sacco and Vanzetti
1. Cite examples of actions taken in reaction to the perceived threat of radicals and communists during the red scare.
- The Sacco and Vanzetti Case. Two Italian men who were accused of murder but they had good alibis and clearly was innocent but Americans were scared of communism so they gave them the death penalty.
Hooded Hoodlums of the KKK
2. Compare and contrast the new and old Ku Klux Klansmen.
- They were against everyonewho wasn't white, anglo-saxon, and Protestant. The old represented nativism and original americans.
Stemming the Foreign Flood
Know: Emergency Quota Act, Immigration Act
3. Describe the immigration laws passed in the 1920's.
- The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited the immigration 3 percent of the people of a certain nationality already living in the United States. The Immigration Act of 1924 reduced the previous quota to 2 percent
Makers of America: The Poles
Know: Prussian Poles, Russian Poles, Austrian Poles, American Warsaw
4. What factors led Poles to America?
- America was in need of labor, which attracted the Poles. Poles who came in the late nineteenth century were primarily trying to escape starvation.
The Prohibition "Experiment"
Know: Eighteenth Amendment, Volstead Act, Wet and Dry, Speakeasies, Home Brew,
Bathtub Gin, Noble Experiment
5. How and why was the eighteenth amendment broken so frequently?
- Legislators drank on the outsides. People also bribed their way into drinking. Foreign countries also sneaked in alcohol.
The Golden Age of Gangsterism
Know: Al Capone, St. Valentine's Day Massacre, Lindbergh Law
6. What was Gangsterism?
- Era where the police were bribed that formed a lot of mobs and these mobs made money out of bootlegging.
Monkey Business in Tennessee
Know: John Dewey, John T. Scopes, William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow
7. Describe the clash of cultures that took place in schools in the 1920's.
- Fundamentalists believed that Modernists were ruining their belief. Fundamentalists believed that Darwinism was ruining their belief and it went against what the Bible said.
The Mass-Consumption Economy
Know: Andrew Mellon, The Man Nobody Knows, Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey
8. Give evidence to prove that America became a mass-consumption economy in the 20's.
- The car industry boomed and became an everyday essential and baseball became America's favorite pastime sport.
Putting America on Rubber Tires
Know: Henry Ford, Frederick W. Taylor, Model T
9. What methods made it possible to mass-produce automobiles?
- Henry Ford created an assembly line production that increased the car production.
The Advent of the Gasoline Age
10. What were the effects of the widespread adoption of the automobile?
- The effects of the widespread adoption of the automobile employed 6 million people and jobs and the economy boomed. The railroad industry however deflated because everyone relied on the cars.
Humans Develop Wings
Know: Orville and Wilbur Wright, Charles Lindbergh
11. What effects did the early airplane have on America
- It accomplished the age old dream of flying. Passenger airlines with the capibility of delivering mail as well, though costing people lives, also became more popularized. Aircrafts were also used in the Great War for various purposes.
The Radio Revolution
12. How did America change as the result of the radio?
- Music and sports were also popularized through means of radio. Families became more home oriented because of the want to listen to the radio
Hollywood's Filmland Fantasies
Know:The Great Train Robbery, The Birth of a Nation, The Jazz Singer
13. What were some milestones in the history of motion pictures?
- The Great Train Robbery was the first movie to reach the five-cent theaters. The first "talkie" emerged in the movie, The Jazz Singer. Some actors were paid more and were more well known than political leaders.
The Dynamic Decade
Know: Margaret Sanger, Flappers, Sigmund Freud, Jelly Roll Morton, Langston Hughes, Marcus Garvey
14. "Far-reaching changes in lifestyles and values paralleled the dramatic upsurge in the economy." Explain.
- The 1920 census revealed that for the first time, more people lived in urban areas than in rural areas. Women continued to fight for their rights, as shown by Margaret Sanger, who promoted birth control for women. African Americans also gained more opportunities through the Harlem Renaissance,.
Cultural Liberation
Know: H. L. Mencken, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, E.E. Cummings, Eugene O'Neill, Louis Armstrong, Frank Lloyd Wright
15. How did the arts of the 1920's reflect the times?
- H.L. Mencken criticized american society. Ernest Hemingway, in A Farewell to Arms, showed the emptiness of life.
Wall Street's Big Bull Market
Know: Margin, Andrew Mellon
16. Was government economic policy successful in the 20's?
- It was kind of successful . The Bureau of the Budget was established to help the national debt. Secretary of Treasury, Andrew Melon, enforced taxes that relieved the economic burden on the rich and placed it on the middle class.
Chapter 32: Identifications
Andrew Mellon
He was the secretary of treasury during Harding's administration.
Herbert Hoover
Presidential Republican candidate for presidency in the 1928 election that won
Albert B. Fall
He was the Secretary of the Interior during Harding's administration. He was involved with Teapot Dome Scandal, in which he sold oil reserves illegally.
Robert LaFollette
He was the Progressive candidate for presidency in the election of 1924
Alfred E. Smith
He was the Democratic candidate for presidency in the election of 1928
Ohio Gang
friends of Harding, who tarnished his presidency with their corruption.
Washington Conference
Disarmament Conference held by the US that established a ten year holiday on the construction of battleships. Everyone was invited to this conference except Russia.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
It declared war to be illegal and was eventually signed by 62 nations.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
It raised tariffs by 38%.
Teapot Dome Scandal
tarnished the reputation of Washington. Albert B. Fall was involved oil reserves illegally to oilmen for money.
Dawes Plan
loan system between Germany and the US. It was ineffective because US would give money to Germany, who would then repay loans to Britain and France, who would return the money to the US
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Raised tariff to 60%. highest tariff of them all.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
established by Congress and aided insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and state governments
Bonus Army
Veterans who marched to the Capitol that demanded for money and set up a Hoovervilles in front of the white house.
Hoover-Stimson doctrine
Resulted because of Japan's attack on Manchuria and stated that the US would not recognize any territory taken by force.
Chapter #32 Guided Reading Questions
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
- He hated to hurt people's feelings. and was easily taken advantage of.
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
- The Harding administration sought to improve the old concept of Laissez-Faire and keep government from controlling businesses, and rather to help guide them to success.
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
- The War Industries Board was disappeared, as well as all the corporations set up to aid wartime industries. Washington returned control of railroads to the private hands by the Esch-Cummins Transportation Act of 1920.
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
- The Five-Power Naval treaty established a 5:5:3 ratio for US, British, and Japanese ships. The Four Power Naval Treaty pledged the US, Britain, France. and Japan to preserve the status quo in the pacific. The Nine Power Treaty permanetly sealed the Open Door Policy in China. Furthermore, the Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed by 62 nations and pledged the end of all war.
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
- Goods in Europe were unable to be sold in American so Europe couldn't pay the US back for it's debt from the war.
The Stench of Scandal
Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6."Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain
- Under Harding's administration, the Teapot Dome scandal involved Senator Albert B. Fall who was caught leasing valuable oil properties to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny. Additionally, attorney general Daugherty was caught selling pardons and liquor permits.
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
- Coolidge was a very cautious president.
Frustrated Farmers
Know: McNary-Haugen Bill
8. What had changed for the farmer since 1890?
- The gasoline-engine tractor was created and made crops easier to harvest and had an overabundant of crops.
A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924
Know: Robert La Follette
9. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election?
- All the Republicans agreen on Coolidge and the Democrats were split between the 'wets' and 'drys' urbanites and farmers, Fundamentalists and Mondernists etc., and the Progressive party had Robert La Follette
Foreign-Policy Flounderings
10. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?
- Europeans argued that they sacrificed many more lives than the US and that the war let the American industries boom .
Unraveling the Debt Knot
Know: Dawes Plan
11. What were the world-wide repercussions of America’s insistence on debt repayment?
- They demanded the Germans to repay them for the debt of the war and the Dawes plan was created but was pointless because the money was circled and was getting no where.
The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928
Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"
12. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith?
- Hoover was the Republican candidate and he came from a poor background and he was a self-made millionaire.
President Hoover's First Moves
Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff
13. Did Hoover’s attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain.
- The legislation did not prove to be effective. All the legislation failed and contributed to economic problems
The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties
Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
14. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash?
- Millions and millions of people became to be slowly jobless
Hooked on the Horn of Plenty
Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles
15. What causes contributed to the Great Depression?
- Over speculation of the stock market. There also was a drought in the Mississippi Valley
Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists
Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian
16. How did President Hoover’s beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?
- He believed that people should be able to take care of themselves so he didn't bother to help the American citizens.
Hoover Battles the Great Depression
Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts
17. Is Hoover’s reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain.
- He was against the Laissez-Faire and prosecuted gangsters.
Routing the Bonus Army in Washington
Know:Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur
18. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why?
- Some of the Bonus Army was injured and used soldiers to dismantle the people
Japanese Militarists Attack China
Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine
19. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations?
- The League of Nations failed to stop Japan in invading Manchuria and it could have but it did not.
Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy
20. What was President Hoover’s policy toward Latin America
- He withdrew American troops from Haiti and Nicaragua and pursued a Good Neighbor policy towards Latin America in order to draw away from Roosevelt's corollary.
Chapter #33: Identifications
Eleanor Roosevelt
Wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt. She is considered one of the most active first ladies.
Harry Hopkins
Head of several New Deal legislations, such as the FERA and the CWA.
Frances Perkins
Secretary of Labor, she was the first female cabinet member.
Father Coughlin
He was opposed to FDR's new Deal programs and as a result of his anti-semitism he was silenced by his superiors.
Huey Long
He was a Senator and opponent of the New Deal. He created a program called "Share Our Wealth" by which he planned to make "ëvery man a king" by taking money from the rich to give $5000 to every family.
Francis Townshend
a Californian doctor who wanted to give $500 to all seniors and they had to use it all up in that month.
Harold Ickes
head of the Public Works Administration PWA and secretary of the interior
Alfred M. Landon
He was the Republican candidate for presidency in the 1936 election against FDR.
Brain Trust(s)
young scholars, mostly professors, who FDR was criticized of using ot write his speeches.
The three R's
Relief, Recovery, Reform
National Labor Relation Board
created by the Wagner Act and ensured self-organization for labor.
Court-packing scheme
FDR's plan to get rid of the conservative justices on the Supreme Court. He wanted to add a new justice for every justice on the Supreme Court who was over the age of 70 and would not retire.
Chapter #33 Guided Reading Questions
FDR: A Politician in a Wheelchair
Know: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt
1. What kind of man was FDR?
- He was born to a rich New York family and was the 5th cousin of TR. Early in his life he was described as tall, charming, and handsome. In 1921 he contracted polio and was bound to a wheelchair. It was in his recovery that he gained sympathy with the "forgotten man" who he often referenced in his speeches. His wife, Eleanor, was considered one of the most active first ladies in history.
Presidential Hopefuls of 1932
2. What was Roosevelt's campaign message in the 1932 election?
- Emphasized on the "Forgotten Man"
The Humiliation of Hoover in 1932
3. What were the immediate results of Roosevelt's victory?
- a shift in African American votes from the Republican party to the Democratic party.
FDR and the Three R's: Relief, Recovery, Reform
Know: New Deal, Banking Holiday, Hundred Days, Three R's,
4. Describe the New Deal.
- The New Deal aimed at relief, recovery, and reform. It embraced many Progressive ideals such as: unemployment insurance, old age insurance, minimum wage regulations, conservation of natural resources, and restrictions on child labor.
Roosevelt Manages the Money
Know: Fireside Chats, Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Managed Currency
5. What were the key aspects of FDR's monetary policy?
- He wanted to create an inflation and make paper money worth something.
Creating Jobs for the Jobless
Know: Pump Priming, CCC, FERA, Harry Hopkins, AAA, HOLC, CWA
6. Explain the difference between New Deal agencies and what radical critics wanted the government to do.
- Critics thought that FDR was becoming a dictator
A Day for Every Demagogue
Know: Father Charles Coughlin, Huey Long, Dr. Francis E. Townsend, WPA
7. List other historical demagogues.
- Father Charles Coughlin disliked New Deal and voiced his opinions on the radio. Huey P. Long was popular for his "Share the Wealth" program.
New Visibility for Women
Know: Frances Perkins, Mary McLeod Bethune, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Pearl Buck
8. Explain the factors that made it possible for these women to gain fame.
- Frances Perkins was the first female cabinet member. Mary McLeod Bethune headed the Office of Minority Affairs in the NYA, the "Black Cabinet," and founded a Florida college.
Helping Industry and Labor
Know: NRA, Sick Chicken Decision, PWA, Harold Ickes
9. How did the NRA attempt to restore industry?
- Attempt to combine immediate relief with long-range recovery and reform. Assist industry, labor, and . unemployed. Individual industries made codes of fair competition -> reduced hours for more employment -> restore industryMax work hours and min wages. Granted benefits to labor
Paying Farmers Not to Farm
10. How did the federal government attempt to help farmers?
- Created the AAA, Agricultural Adjustment Administration which paid farmers to reduce their crop acreage. \
Dust Bowls and Black Blizzards
Know: Dust Bowl, Okies and Arkies, The Grapes of Wrath, Indian Reorganization Act
11. How did nature cause problems for some farmers on the plains?
- There was a drought in the Mississippi, lack of rain and strong winds.
Makers of America: The Dust Bowl Migrants
Know: San Joaquin Valley, Farm Security Administration, Okievilles
12. In what ways were things better in California? In what ways were they the same?
- The great depression caused many people from eastern Colorado, northern Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and western Missouri to hit the road. l¼ of those people came to California. These people were called Okies and Arkies. California didn't have as many jobs as Portrayed.
Battling Bankers and Big Business
Know: Federal Securities Act, SEC
13. "Reformist New Dealers were determined from the outset to curb the `money changers....'" Explain.
- Reformist determination is seen in their actions of the Hundred Days Congress. They passed the “Truth in Securities Act” often called the Federal Securities Act. This act required promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks and bonds. Congress took further steps to protect the public against fraud, deception, and inside manipulation when it authorized the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934. This act made stock markets operate in more of trading market rather than gambling. Finally, in 1935 the Public Holding Company Act was put into action, putting a “death sentence” on bloated growths of businesses, except where it might be economically needful
The TVA Harnesses the Tennessee River
Know: TVA, Creeping Socialism
14. What arguments were used for and against the TVA project?
- AGAINST
- “planned economy”, “creeping socialism in concrete” Utility corp. accused TVA of dishonest bookkeeping and absence of taxes & Government control
- SUPPORTING
- •Full employment!
–Cheap electric power, low-cost housing
•Abundant cheap nitrates
•Reforestation, navigation, flood control
Housing Reform and Social Security
Know: FHA, Social Security
15. How did the FHA and Social Security attempt to help some of society's least fortunate?
- The Federal Housing Administration stimulated building industries and slums stopped growing.
A New Deal for Labor
Know: Wagner Act, National Labor Relations Board, CIO, John L. Lewis, Sit-down Strike
16. How did labor respond to the improvement of conditions brought about by the New Deal?
- •strikes and walkouts in 1934
- •Congress struck down the National Recovery Administration
- •passed the Wagner Act
Landon Challenges "the Champ”
Know: Alfred Landon, American Liberty League
17. What was the significance of the 1936 election?
- FDR won election: 523 vs 8 electoral votes
Nine Old Men on the Supreme Bench
18. Why did Roosevelt ask Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court?
- Supreme Court kept rejecting his programs. He wanted people to be able to be for his programs.
The Court Changes Course
Know: Court Packing, Hugo Black
19. What were the consequences of FDR's attempt to pack the Court ?
- FDR’s “court-packing scheme” failed. some justices to start to vote his way (Owen J.Roberts, former conservative) failure showed Americans did not want to tamper with the justice system.
The Twilight of the New Deal
Know: Roosevelt Recession, John Maynard Keynes, Hatch Act
20. Assess the successfulness of FDR in his second term.
- In 1937, FDR announced a bold program to stimulate the economy by planned deficit spending. In 1939, Congress relented to FDR’s pressure and passed the Reorganization Act, which gave him limited powers for administrative
reforms, including the key new Executive Office in the White House.The Hatch Act of 1939 barred federal administrative officials, except the highest policy-making officers, from active political campaigning and soliciting
21. What criticism of the New Deal seems most fair to you? Least fair?
- foes of the New Deal condemned its waste, citing that nothing had been accomplished. (least fair) Critics were shocked by the “try anything” attitude of FDR, who had increased the federal debt from $19.487 million in 1932 to $40.440 million in 1939. (most fair)
Know: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Carl Degler, Constraints School of Historians, New Deal Coalition
22. What did William Leuechtenburg mean when he called the New Deal a "half-way revolution?" (Your answer should focus more on the information before this term than on the information after it.)
- Not too radical but not conservative. It was created in response to the Great Depression. First time government assisted people to help hardship. Going against capital ideals